Each state has the autonomy or discretion to determine how they will measure whether their students are proficient. PSSA is Pennsylvania's answer.

The Line-Item Veto Act is hardly revolutionary, ... The act simply gives the president a measure of discretion over the expenditure of appropriated funds.

If a student gets his or her carpenter's license or cosmetology license, the state would consider them proficient with their trade.

This allows there to be no ceiling on the test we get a measure of what the students truly know.

I don't have a problem with testing per se. We have to have some measure of how students are doing and how we as teachers are doing.

We recognize that there may be other ways to measure whether students have the knowledge, but we haven't seen any that are developed and reliable. We're not supportive of any alternative that measures less than the WASL.