Historically, absolute IQ scores have risen substantially as we've changed our environment so that more people go to school longer.

Our babies are like penguins; penguin babies can't exist unless more than one person is taking care of them. They just can't keep going.

One of the things I say is from an evolutionary point of view: probably the ideal rich environment for a baby includes more mud, livestock, and relatives than most of us could tolerate nowadays.

What, of course, we want in a university is for people to learn the skills they're going to need outside the classroom. So, having a system that had more emphasis on inquiry and exploration but also on learning and practising specific skills would fit much better with how we know people learn.

When nobody read, dyslexia wasn't a problem. When most people had to hunt, a minor genetic variation in your ability to focus attention was hardly a problem, and may even have been an advantage. When most people have to make it through high school, the same variation can become a genuinely life-altering disease.

The more lawyers there are, the more people are out there to encourage others not to go to law school.