How do we ensure in the case of public goods that they are provided at all, and that they are provided at the right level, taking into account citizens' preferences?

What we mean by an outcome will naturally depend on the context. Thus, for a government charged with delivering public goods, an outcome will consist of the quantities provided of such goods as intercity highways, national defense and security, environmental protection, and public education together with the arrangements by which they are financed.

Markets work well with goods that economists call private goods.

There are some things that we value as a public good that the markets can't deliver, like clean air.

I don't want to make public statements about issues that I have not studied in detail.

Through meteorology, we know essentially how hurricanes form, even though we can't say where the next storm will arise.