Modern warfare is by no means merely a matter of military operations. Economic affairs stand together with them in the first rank of the factors of importance.

You must all be aware that modern war is not a mere matter of military operations. It involves the whole strength and all the resources of the nation. Not only soldiers, but also all citizens without exception, take part.

The rise or fall of Shanghai means the birth or death of the whole nation.

In the early days of the Russian Revolution in 1917, I was completely in sympathy with it. I felt that it established a new era in the history of the modern world. I was so overwhelmed by it that, if people made any unfriendly comment, I would vigorously defend it. If people condemned the Communist party, I would speak in its defense.

War is not only a matter of equipment, artillery, group troops or air force; it is largely a matter of spirit, or morale.

My impressions of the Russian Revolution can be divided into two periods. The first period was when I showed deep sympathy. My second period is one of disappointment. This change was the result of close observation on the spot.