The white men told lies for each other. They drove off a great many of our cattle. Some branded our young cattle so they could claim them.

We did not know there were other people besides the Indian until about one hundred winters ago, when some men with white faces came to our country.

We gave up some of our country to the white men, thinking that then we could have peace. We were mistaken. The white man would not let us alone.

Governor Isaac Stevens of the Washington Territory said there were a great many white people in our country, and many more would come; that he wanted the land marked out so that the Indians and the white man could be separated.

I saw clearly that war was upon us when I learned that my young men had been secretly buying ammunition.

The first white men of your people who came to our country were named Lewis and Clark. They brought many things that our people had never seen. They talked straight. These men were very kind.