There are enough fossils showing distinctive features to rule out the possibility these are unusual or aberrant modern humans,

The discovery that early humans could have existed this far north this long ago was startling.

now rule out the possibility that he has been killed by the kidnappers.

We've now got about 10 Neanderthal specimens of around 40-50,000 years old that have yielded DNA that is clearly distinct from anyone alive today.

DNA gets everywhere. So when we're dealing with a sample and you find it's got human DNA in it - is that DNA from the fossil, or is it actually DNA from the person who unearthed it?

Our goal is to manage these precious lands to protect their distinctive natural features and to increase the enjoyment and understanding of visitors. The Lakeshore Nature Preserve can serve as a national model for how cities and universities can protect and sustain the natural areas within their boundaries.