There is systematic torture and the general conditions in pre-trial detention facilities are worse than prison. There are even reports of electric shocks [administered in detention].

Our laws are clear that the length of pre-trial detention may not exceed 30 days, but some of these people have been detained for months or years without trial. Nearly half of them are found innocent when they finally do come to trial.

Every secret place of detention is usually a higher risk for ill treatment, that the danger of secrecy.

If there is a substantial risk in a certain country like Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, etc., then diplomatic assurances cannot be used. If a country usually and systematically practices torture, then of course they would deny they were doing it because it is absolutely prohibited.

Torture is practiced systematically by the security forces, ... This was admitted by high officials of both the army and police.

Torture and ill treatment are systematically practiced in Nepal by the police, armed police and the Royal Nepal Army in order to extract confessions and to obtain intelligence, among others things,