This result was an impressive and completely unexpected finding because the study was not focused on helping smokers quite smoking. In fact, to participate in the study, smokers had to attest that they did not have a planned quit date for the next six months.

This result was an impressive and completely unexpected study.

It's absolutely worth it. There's a lot of promise for this vaccine, not just because of our study, but also because of other studies.

In the 30 years that this study now spans, we have seen some wide fluctuations in the smoking habits of American young people. We are still seeing some residual declines in smoking in the upper grades, as the lower-smoking birth cohorts make their way up the age spectrum...But, even in the upper grades a slowdown is occurring, and we believe the declines are likely to end very soon.

The vaccine works by producing antibodies that specifically bind to nicotine, and thereby prevent much of the nicotine from entering the brain. This process potentially reduces the pleasurable effects from smoking and reduces the addiction to nicotine.

There's no smoking gun in this study. The answers are all in there — but we're just not smart enough to figure them out yet.